Malnutrition Increases Morbidity and Mortality Essay

Malnutrition is defined as state of being poorly nourished or the imbalance between intake and requirement that changes metabolism, loss of body mass, and impaired function.1 Malnutrition is a common problem among patients with severe or chronic diseases. The main cause of malnutrition in developed countries is disease. Either acute or chronic disorder can aggravate malnutrition in many ways such as change in metabolism due to infection or inflammation, response to trauma, absorption, or appetite. Other than pathological causes for malnutrition, socioeconomic factors such as isolation and low income may contribute more in developing malnutrition. Dementia, anorexia, immobilization, and poor dentition are factors that can worsen the case†¦show more content†¦Enteral nutrition not only reduce loss of lean body mass and catabolism, but also preserve visceral protein metabolism and modulate the acute phase response, which is why it is an important mode of acute therapy in criti cally ill patients.6 These effects are helpful to maintain the structure and function of GI tract. There are studies done in past few years that compared EN and TPN in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). A meta-analysis was conducted by Cao et al.7 to compare the efficacy of enteral nutrition (EN) versus total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The author searched for Randomized controlled trials (RCT) in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1996-2008 for published articles and no language restrictions were used. The RCTs that compared EN and TPN in adult patients (/= 18 years) with SAP were included. Trials had to report at least 1 of the following: infections, organ failure, artificial nutrition related complications, pancreatitis and non-pancreatitis related complications, and mortality. Exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis and pregnant patients were excluded. All patients in the included trials were enrolled within 96hrs ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Malnutrition995 Words   |  4 Pagescriteria for malnutrition did not exist [22]. In particular, NRS2002 was originally designed to screen patients who would benefit from receiving nutritional support [12] and therefore its use might be linked with an increased number of patients classified to be at moderate/high risk of malnutrition, as a larger number of patients could indeed benefit from receiving nutritional support. On the other hand, MUST is the only tool that was specifically developed for screening of malnutrition [13,14]. ThereforeRead MoreThe Mortality Of Alzheimer s Disease971 Words   |  4 Pagesin death. Below will define morbidity and mortality, describe Alzheimer’s disease, and present the rates of morbidity and mortality as they relate to Alzheimer’s disease. When someone is diagnosed with a disease, they usually first want to know what it is. The next things that are usually looked at are morbidity and mortality. Most people who look at the numbers related to these words do not understand what they mean. Morbidity is the presence of a disease. Morbidity rate is the number given toRead MoreIndia s Health Issues Of India1259 Words   |  6 Pagesagricultural population, India has become a major manufacturing country that has experienced positive progress. Despite the manufacturing success, India still faces major health issues. Some of the country’s primary health problems are malaria, malnutrition/over nutrition, and cardiovascular disease. 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(3) It can increase the cognitive and motor development through brain development and encouraging the growth, strengthen social performance, learning capacity at the individual level (2-8). Being a healthy child with supportive environment lead to decrease in mortality and morbidity(4, 8). Education and being healthy encourages less dependency on welfare, greater success at school and higher ratesRead MoreEffects Of Protein Energy Malnutrition On Children And Children1708 Words   |  7 Pagesphysically with mentally. Protein energy malnutrition is the deficiencies of protein, energy and other micronutrients. This malnutrition disease can be affected from not eating enough healthy diets and recognizing by physical appearance signs, dietary data and bio-medical data. There are some factors affecting in age groups women and children malnutrition by socioeconomic and cultural factors, biological factors, and environmental factors (1). Malnutrition fully affected to the starving with otherR ead MoreA Brief Note On The American Health Care System Of Guatemala1742 Words   |  7 Pageslower-middle-income country which a 48 percent of the total represents the indigenous population. According to Lao Pena (2013), after the 1996 Peace Accords the country made progress but poverty remains high; the 2008-09 economic crises caused an increase in overall poverty from 51 percent in 2006 to 53.7 percent in 2011. In Central America Guatemala have the highest levels of inequality with poverty indicators, especially in rural and indigenous areas even though it has the biggest economy (The WorldRead MoreDeveloping Countries Are Plagued By Poor Maternal, Infant And Child Health Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesApproximately 358000 women die during pregnancy and 7.6 million children under five years of age die annually, worldwide (WHO 2011). Adequate maternal health and nutrition are imperative for child survival (WHO 2011). Maternal, perinatal and under-five mortality is still consi derably high in South Africa [Department of Health (DOH) 2012]. This is despite efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) four and five which aim to improve the health and well-being of children and mothers’ (DOH 2012)Read MoreA Brief Note On The American Health Care System Of Guatemala1747 Words   |  7 Pageslower-middle-income country which a 48 percent of the total represents the indigenous population. According to Lao Pena (2013) after the 1996 Peace Accords the country made progress but poverty remains high; the 2008-09 economic crises caused an increase in overall poverty from 51 percent in 2006 to 53.7 percent in 2011. In Central America Guatemala has the biggest economy but has the highest levels of inequality with poverty indicators, especially in rural and indigenous areas (The World Bank, 2014)

Analysis Of Malcolm Londons Speech - 854 Words

In todays modern era, African American students are almost designed to fail America’s public school system. However, TED talks’ Malcolm London not only is not only one of many examples that excelled in a failed system, but also conquered it. His feisty, passionate performance take on the issues of American education system. Since school is lacking the unique aspects of humans and school is meant for competition, thus school is set up for failure; London develops a persona with audience to convince them high school is a training ground. Once the video starts, London choses to start the beginning of his speech while in the back of the crowd, rather than on stage. From the beginning, London shows he is a part of the people, rather than†¦show more content†¦When London states â€Å"but you have to step on someone else to get there† This emphasizes the idea that not only him, but many others, different and just like him have felt that in the American education system, â€Å"raises you but you have to step on someone else to get there†. Public school is meant for competition, rather than what we as a nation believes should be ‘a more perfect union’ London does not say in detail what he means by the phrase â€Å"to get there†. London instead lets the audience, and the viewer decide what ‘there’ is perhaps its a good grade in the classroom, or perhaps the courage to confront your crush, maybe even to improve your life one way or another. ‘There’ London then takes inspiration from the quote by Mark Twain:‘I will not let my schooling interfere with my education’, already came with the idea of school is set up for failure. London states â€Å"Homework is stressful, but when you go home every day and your home is work, you dont want to pick up any assignments.† Many students, both at the high school and at the college level, often have many out of school activities to attend to, such as family, jobs, and other personal interest. London’s increase in pace also emphasizes that importance of â€Å"your home is work† should not be taken lightly. LondonShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmain issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number of organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analysis – the TUI case study or Illustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are written entirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation with

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter And Spring Directed By Kim Ki...

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter and Spring directed by Kim Ki-Duk is a scenic film concerning a young Buddhist monk who evolves through the four seasons of life as he transforms from childhood to an old age. Buddhism is a system of doctrine and practice largely based on the teachings of Gautama Siddhartha commonly known as the Buddha enlightened or awakened . The four predominant lessons of the Buddha are known as the ‘Four Noble Truths’. According to the Buddha, â€Å"the real nature of the life and universe is nothing other than suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way leading to the cessation of suffering†. These ‘Four Noble Truths’ are the fundamental lessons that all Buddhists learn. Furthermore, this particular film discovers three significant ideologies, of which include, Attachment, Samsara and the Impermanence. In Buddhism, Samsara refers to the perpetual cycle of life such as birth, ordinary life, death and r ebirth. Attachments on the other hand are modest beliefs or delusions that are perceived as reality in our mind. â€Å"The Buddha taught that seeing oneself and everything else this way is a delusion. Further, it is a delusion that is the deepest cause of our unhappiness. It is because we mistakenly see ourselves as separate from everything else that we attach.† Lastly, Impermanence is the inevitable notion that everything changes and nothing stays the same. The film depicts the misery of the world and the source of our suffering isShow MoreRelatedThe Film Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter And Spring3817 Words   |  16 PagesWhat Goes Around, Comes Around Art is a physical expression of the human imagination. As it is viewed it can convey emotion and relationships between people, surmounting all language and cultural barriers. The film Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter and Spring, is no exception (Spring, 2004). It presents the life of a Buddhist monk as he passes through different stages in his life, from childhood to adulthood. It is a contemplative film, selectively organized to clearly illustrate how human life is always

Sweatshops Essay free essay sample

Thomas Carsons article criticize Ian Maitlands arguments in defense of sweatshops, based on Ians view of the Classical Liberal Standard published in 1997, in the Brithish Academy of Managment Annual Conference Proceedings. Ians central thesis, is a defence of the sweatshops in the poor countries in the third world, statinig that A wage or labor practice is ethically acceptable if it is freely chosen by informed workers (Carson,1). The global intercontinental coorporations sweatshops capture the requirements of the CLS and this way they are providing better options and opportunities to the workers in the third world contries. Maitland claims, that the multinational business corporations must inform their employees of the risks and hazards, to which each one of them is subjected at the work place. This idea corresponds with Milton friedmans view that freedom equals choice as biliteral, voluntary and informed transaction. The idea of negative freedom in the sweatshops ( meaning: that corporations are giving the opportunity to poor people to work and labor, are limiting their choice in the same time) is obvious. Friedmain says that lack of options limits ones freedom and Ians keeps repeating that when the companies satisfies his CLS conditions , the multinational sweatshops are giving better options to the third world countries. Thomas Carson gives his objections to the CLS by addressing three cases directly to Maitland, he is not arguing that Ians thesis is not moral, but it does not settle the moral questions at issue. In his first case, he describes the following situation: He lives in rural North Dakota and he has a very sickly woman as a neighbour. There is a huge blizzard that leaves the village without electricity and their only option is to use wood stoves and fireplaces. Since his neigbour does not have any of these, he is giving her the option to help her in exchange of her antique prize collection. In the second case, the situation is almost the same , a man carring a suitcase with a lot of money in it, sprains his ancle, but there is a huge torm coming and there is only one person, who could help him, of course in exchange of his suitcase. In response to those two cases, Maitland argues that the situations in the cases are different of those in the sweatshops : I don’t think the cases are relevantly similar ( Carson, 4). His arguments are that, since there is not equal base for the sweatshops and the two cases, judgements cannot be made reasonably in order to justifies ones thesis. The third case that Carsons describes is situationthat takes place in a hike and there are more people, who are able to help, the one in need. Here Maitland provides his argument, that those cases are based on emergencies situation, while the sweatshops in the third world are chronicle condition. Later on in the text Carsons provides us with the Ians argument : What about that ‘‘saddling’’ multinational corporations with additional duties will have harmful consequences since it will make them less likely to offer employment to people in poor countries? ( Carsons, 5) . Thomas argues, that this is unclear and confussed, but is also supporting the idea that in general the international corporation are more willing to limit the freedom of the third world labor, than the business corporations recognized by the CLS. Till the end of the article, Carsons explaines and gives support to how and what his arguments do and do not apply to Ian Maitlands view on the etichal relationship between sweatshops, employees and multinational business corporations. In this text, the main idea of the author is revealed in the article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit. Wich leads us to the main questions and argument of Carson: 1) What is freedom? Is it exchangable? Does it limit the employees or give them options? 2) Is this exchange between both parties mutual? 3) Does it benefits equal to corporations and cheap labor countries ? First, I would like to begin with a description of sweatshops. The name sweatshop gives us a pretty clear description of how hard is the labor in these pleaces. More over multinational companies sweatshop are instituted in and only in third world countries such as the ones described in the article Indonesia, China. These countries are poor and overpopulated, suffering form unemployement, and the limitations of employement and poverty among the people are something common and chronicle, as described in the text. This is a perfect opportunitiy for a big manufacture corporation to build a sweatshop and provide some of the poor people with sweat labor, pretending to give them freedom and options for it, while at the same time they are limiting, their human rights by providing them with sufficient amount of work for more than 12 hours, a day for example. Yes, Maitland give us argumentation, that a begginng worker , earns 5 times more than local wage. Yes, that might be true, but with what cost, this person earn his wage? 20 hours of labor a day, no personal life, limit of freedom? Maitland based on his CLS, states that if corporations are based on this liberal standartization and if it is freely chosen by informed workers there is mutual transactions between both parties, and this way both parties are satisfied. I support the idea of Carsons, that in the Ians argument, does not bring the etichal issue, or arent companies giving options, to poor people (providing them with labor), actually taking their freedom in exchange for their labor? This would lead me to my next argument about mutual exchange, does it exists between the two parties? I support the idea of Maitland and Friedman, that freedom is a transaction that must be biletaral and mutual in order to benefit both parties. But, since the only idea of corporations and business is profit, there is no such thing as equal mutrual exchange. International Corporations had found a perfect field, to earn bilions of profit each year, claiming that they provide poor third world countries with options. I would like to support my argument with the theory of Ronald Duska, that there is no such thins as relationship other than physical labor ( provided from the workers) to company, wich leads me to my argument that there is no equal benefit from both parties. The labor in third world countries, and not only, the poor people working in these sweatshops are viewed as labor, equipment, machinery. Just instruments for money and profit. I based my arguments and my point of view on Duskas theory and I do not think that in the business, espesically international sweatshops are concerned with any ethical or moral issues,concerning the labor in their seatshops. My personal understanding about the Carsons cases is that they are a simple methaphor for the sweatshops ( meaning the one in need is the third world country people and the person offering help are the big corporations). In all the sititations , we see that the desire to help is driven only by purposes that are far away from ethical and moral, and seek only ones benefit from the situation. Even if the companies are considering the CLS, their primary and only reaseon is their profit and nothing else. I think that he succesfully and indirectly argued his thesis, providing the reader with his cases regarding CLS. In conclusion, Carsons article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit: Sweatshops and Maitlands Classical Liberal Standard gives us a wide field for argument if Maitlands CLS improves the mutual benefit between labor and manufacturer. I think that there is no such thing as liberal standartization, when it comes , to manufacturers, business and profit. Unfortunatelly, in todays society money drive the world, and the corporations, espesially in the third world countries are limiting the freedom and choice of poor people, and the only one that benefits from that transaction are international corporations. Unfortunatelly moral and ethics, does not take place in the third world, and the multiunational companies are the partie that have the freedom and the choices to control the poor and weak by closing their eyes, with earnings and wages, while limiting the freedom of the individual in the third world.