General Macarthur And The Emperor Essays - Occupied Japan, Hirohito

General Macarthur And The Emperor General MacArthur and the Emperor If ever a picture was worth a thousand words, it was the image of General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito standing side by side during their historic first meeting on September 27, 1945. In it, a casually dressed MacArthur towers over the stiff, formally attired Emperor. What does it say? asks historian Carol Gluck. It says, I'm MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, and I'm in charge. For millions of Japanese, it brought home in an entirely new way the notion that they had lost the war. General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito were considered to be two of the most enigmatic figures of the 20th century. The ambiguity surrounding their roles in leading Japan before and after the war make one realize how complex (and just plain strange) they actually were. To many of his subjects, Hirohito was the emperor of heaven, not really a man at all, but the living incarnation of Japan. No matter what you may know about the two men, their lives provide an interesting perspective into how the running and occupation of japan worked. Emperor Hirohito was installed as Crown Prince at the age of fifteen, Hirohito attained what was called the Chrysanthemum Throne (dont ask why) in 1926 when his father, the Emperor Yoshihito died. Because his father had been weak and sickly, Hirohito ruled more in his grandfathers shadow, the great Emperor Meiji, who presided over Japan's ridiculously funny late-19th-century opening up to the West and modernization. Even before assuming the throne, many web sites that could have been actually made-up say that Hirohito reflected the same fascination with the West, especially after his six-month tour of Europe in 1921, where he picked up a lasting taste for Western food and clothes. Personally, I have a hard time believing that a vacation when he was nine could have possibly affected him so profoundly, but it seems to have been shown at least partially true in 1975, when he visited the United States, meeting John Wayne, conversing with President Ford, and receiving a Mickey Mouse watch he supposedly wore for years. In between, however, he presided over one of the largest and most costly military ventures since Hannibal. In the years after the war, the accepted version of events holds that Hirohito was essentially a pawn of the militarists who gained control of the government shortly after he took the throne. MacArthur, convinced he needed the Emperors help (that is to say, his submission) to run a smooth occupation, played no small part in establishing this version. With Hirohito's quiet manner, love of haiku and marine biology, the image of the peace-loving man who was powerless to stop his country's murderous expansion took hold. But in the decade since his death, a fuller inquiry into what happened has convinced a number of historians that this version, while partially true, is far from exact. Hirohito's ability to thwart the militarists was definitely limited -- he was more a symbol of the state than an actual ruler -- but he was not nearly as blameless as hi s defenders would have it. In his book, Tenno, historian Richard B. Finn sums it up this way: The decisions that led to the war in 1941 were made unanimously by the cabinet, the emperor was fully informed about them, they were often made in his presence, he knew in advance of the plan to attack Hawaii, and he even made suggestions about how to carry it out. In September of 1945, General Douglas MacArthur, although previously a respected commander in the Pacific and later to be even better known in the U.S. for his exploits in Korea, was about to receive an even greater honor. For the sake of the occupation, and restructuring of Japan, the genral was to be referred to as the SCAP, or Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. From the start, the Occupation went hand in hand with the name MacArthur. Despite his leadership of a highly successful occupation, MacArthur was not actually responsible for the majority of the restructuring; Planners in D.C drew up most of the process. On August 15, 1945, the Japanese people heard their emperors voice for

Computer Componants essays

Computer Componants essays Floppy Disk Drive: A special drive that can read and copy onto a floppy disk. It can copy over and over on the same disk (the disk can be re-used). It was the first drive to be invented, which is why its called the @ drive. Processor: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of your PC. It is an electronic device- an integrated circuitboard (chip)- that contains millions of tiny electronic components to carry out basic arithmetic and control functions. The specifications of a CPU is defined in several ways: its speed (eg 1.7 GHz) defines the number of instructions it can process each second- 1.7 billion in this case. Monitor: Is just like a TV screen. It displays the content of your computer. The size of the monitor is shown in inches (eg 15). Tower: A special box where your CPU, Motherboard, and other components are located. The tower protects these components. Motherboard: Special board, in your computer, that all of your cards, ports, and processor chips are attached to. It serves as a transport system that connects and links all the components of your PC to each other. RAM: (Random Access Memory) is the most important component of your PC. Every time you start up your PC programs are loaded into the ram. It is from the RAM that most programs perform their functions and operate to give the user the required results. It also helps to make your programs run faster. ROM: (Read Only Memory) is a chip that stores all the important start up information of the computer. It can only be read. The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is stored in the ROM chips. Every time you start up your PC, information is accessed from the ROM chips. Operating System: Is a set of programs that controls all the hardware and software activities within a computer system. Windows 98 is an example of an operating system. Hard Drive: Special drive on your PC where files containing info ...

Political and Economic Experience for the Puerto Rican Essay

Political and Economic Experience for the Puerto Rican - Essay Example Their migration to the U.S has had major impact to their growth since the 19th century including the strife to maintain their culture. Their relationship with U.S government has led to great economic growth and development through trade, cultural activities and sport. Other major activities in politics have had impacts on the society at large and have cemented the network politically, socially and economically. The country now faces major technological and international integration as a result of these ties which have led to good economic growth. Political advancements have had great impacts and the in terms of economic and political experiences which have modulated the trade and economic development. Politics have transformed the living standard of the citizen and given them a position of power. Politically, Puerto Ricans in the U.S began running for state elections and seats and promoting their own members for the parliamentary seat in the year 1937 (Carmen & Vazquez-Herna ndez 9). Long since very many have been advanced and much social standing has been enhanced. This has also seen a big advancement like educational institutions, sporting facilities, improved transport and improvement in the defense sector through funding. Political standings have seen the positive impacts of interrelations. The migrant to the U.S has led to both positive and negative consequences to those involved. The migrants gain control politically and the strong ones may dominate in the long run. Most of the political aspirants gain experience in the world of politics and the experiences that come with governance. They learn to exercise their rights politically and basing on the fair statutes some may venture to the civil sector to create awareness. On the other hand, these exercises may lead to danger and harassment by the opponents

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage Essay

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage - Essay Example The paper tells that companies that achieve a competitive advantage can exploit that edge in order to obtain higher sales than other companies in the marketplace. Organizations can achieve a competitive advantage by exploiting their brand value. A brand strategy is generated over time by investing a lot of money in advertising and marketing campaigns. Technological superiority, innovation, and patents are other ways to gain a competitive advantage. Companies that achieve a competitive advantage are able to increase their market share. These firms are also able to attract more customers than its competitors. Examples of companies that have been able to dominate an industry by gaining a competitive advantage are Starbucks Cafà ©, Microsoft, and De Beers. Microsoft utilized innovation to stay ahead of the competition. Starbucks Cafà © beat out the competition by providing a superior product and better customer service. The competitive advantage that De Beers enjoys comes from its supp ly chain superiority and access to greater sums of capital. Organizations that have a competitive advantage are able to retain more customers and build brand loyalty. Higher customer retention rates are desirable. Based on Pareto’s 80/20 rule approximately 80% of a firm’s revenues come from 20% of its customers. Most companies that are the market leaders in their respective industries reached that status by having some type of competitive advantage. Good business strategies are needed for managers to implement a competitive advantage.

Racial Formation Categories Essay Example for Free

Racial Formation Categories Essay Answer the following questions in 150 to 350 words each: Throughout most of U.S. history in most locations, what race has been the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? The white race has been the majority race in most locations throughout history in the United States. It is still the majority race in this country today. Most members of this group share German ancestry. The second is Irish and the third is English. This makes sense to me because it seems like most of the time when you ask what country someones ancestors came from they usually say German, Irish, or both. At least for me those are the answers I have got the most from people. Some regions of the United States have higher Italian American populations such as the North Eastern region. As far as I know, I am 100% English. What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group? In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. These laws were intended against which racial minorities? In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination?

Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and

The Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe   The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, being capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the author's background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and proficient in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on always one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a good soldier) and lives with what he has. In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became "Christianized." Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like: this is all according to the due course of things: but when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patience; neither shall I be ever able to comprehend how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not see the hidden details of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from experience and calculation is a quality of a soldier. Works Cited: Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York: Bantam Books, 1991 ("Defoe") Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959 Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and The Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe   The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, being capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the author's background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and proficient in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on always one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a good soldier) and lives with what he has. In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became "Christianized." Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like: this is all according to the due course of things: but when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patience; neither shall I be ever able to comprehend how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not see the hidden details of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from experience and calculation is a quality of a soldier. Works Cited: Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York: Bantam Books, 1991 ("Defoe") Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959

Jd Wetherspoon

Business Culture & Strategy 1. External environment EXTERNAL MACRO POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT â€Å"Tied House’ system had been broken – the number of pubs which a brewer could operate has been limited† – Companies have been forced to choose between brewing and retailing, which resulted in selling brewing operations or chains of public houses and hotels. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT â€Å"Supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices† -Supermarkets become competitors to other pubs by selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at cheaper prices and encouraging customers to buy them. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Government concern about binge drinking and anti-social behaviour† -Pubs have bad publicity by binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour of customers, especially in city centres, the busiest places. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT â€Å"Installed TV and sound systems in pubs† -Majority of pubs have installed TV screens and sound syst ems, especially to show football matches. EXTERNAL MICRO CUSTOMERS â€Å"Customers with families want to dine out together† – Pubs now have a dedicated family area, which is restricted and limited to meal times only. Children are not allowed in the bar areas, which work good with the rest of customers. LOCAL GOVERNMENT â€Å"Change in smoking law† -Smoking inside the buildings has been banned in whole industry. All pubs have to comply with law and they cannot have smoking areas inside their pubs. All smoking areas have to be outside the buildings. INTERNAL AUDIT HUMAN RESOURCE AUDIT â€Å"Involvement and communication with managers and staff† – JD Wetherspoon places great importance on listening to, acting on and receiving feedback from members of staff on all aspects of the business. All companies trying to motivate their staff to work by offering different benefits, providing training and meetings. PHYSICAL RESOURCES AUDIT Size and location of premises† – Majority of JD Wetherspoon pubs are located in city centre in high streets, where are visible and easy to find. All organisations try to be fairly large in order to provide the atmosphere and facilities for customers. FINANCIAL RESOURCE AUDIT â€Å"Slowed down in sales and profit growth† -Companies figures shows that sales and profit slowed down in last years. There is a risk of sales and profit falling down in the next years. OPPORTUNITY EXTERNAL MACRO – POLITICAL â€Å"Tied House’ system had been broken – the number of pubs which a brewer could operate has been limited† Why is it opportunity? The company as a new retailer can bring new customers to pubs. THREAT EXTERNAL MACRO – ECONOMIC â€Å"Supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices† Why is it threat? – The company might lose many customers, who will prefer to buy cheaper drinks and drink them at home instead of buying them in the pub. THREAT EXTERNAL MACRO – SOCIAL â€Å"Binge drinking and anti-social behaviour†Ã¢â‚¬  Why is it threat? – The company might lose money for repairing damages and good customers who will be scared to come again to the pub after seeing anti-social behaviour. OPPORTUNITY EXTERNAL MACRO – TECHNOLOGICAL â€Å"Installed TV and sound systems in pubs† Why is it opportunity? – Customers prefer sitting in pubs during football matches with other people, which increase sales and make nice atmosphere in the pub. OPPORTUNITY EXTERNAL MICRO – CUSTOMERS â€Å"Customers with families want to dine out together† Why is it opportunity? – By nice atmosphere and place to seat with children, families will go dine out more often, which will make bigger profit for organisation. THREAT EXTERNAL MICRO – LOCAL GOVERNMENT â€Å"Change in smoking law† Why is it threat? – J D Wheterspoon might lose its customers. If the organisation will not prepare a smoking areas, customers, who are smoking might go to other pubs. STRENGTH INTERNAL – HUMAN RESOURCES AUDIT â€Å"Involvement and communication with managers and staff† Why is it strength? – The organisation has better communication with staff and managers and also they gain knowledge about staff needs for development and training. It leads to better morale and lower staff turnover. STRENGTH INTERNAL – PHYSICAL RESOURCE AUDIT â€Å"Size and location of premises† Why is it strength? – Good location and bigger size of premises will bring more customers into the pub. They can more often come in for a dinner or for a drink in the town. It is also easier to meet with friends in the city centre. WEAKNESS FINANCIAL RESOURCE AUDIT â€Å"Slowed down in sales and profit growth† Why is it weakness? –The J D Wheterspoon cannot open as many new pubs as they have planned, which will bring less profit than it was planned. LIST OF INSTRUCTION FOR DEVELOPING A SWOT: 1. TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS YOU NEED TO ANALYSE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT BY USING â€Å"PEST FACTORS† 2. TO IDENTIFY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES BASED ON FIRM’S PAST OPERATIONS, ANALYSE INTERNAL AUDIT 3. STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS CAN CHANGE AT DEPENDENCE OF TIME 4. SWOT HAS SOME SUBJECTIVITY, THEREFORE WHEN YOU ARE INTERPRETING A DATA, YOU HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL 5. REMEMBER: SWOT ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS THOSE FACTORS, WHICH HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED! IT IS NOT A PART OF ORGANISATION'S STRATEGY 6. ORGANISATION DOES NOT HAVE TO FOCUS ONLY ON WEAKNESSES OR THREATS WHEN ANALYSING SWOT. THEY CAN TAKE ACTION ON ANY OF THEM OR MORE IF THEY NEED IT. 2. Organisational Culture CORPORATE CULTURE It is the feel of the organisation, the way people act and behave towards each other and the way things get done.